28 Ni Nickel 58.693
Transition metal
Nickel 镍
[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²
- Period 4
- Group 10
- Block d
- Solid
Electron configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²
Orbital diagram (valence)
3d ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↑
4s ↑↓
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 16, 2
- Unpaired electrons
- 2
- Zeff (Slater)
- 4.05
Properties
- Atomic weight
- 58.693
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.91
- First ionization energy
- 737.1 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 111.5 kJ/mol
- Covalent radius
- 124 pm
- van der Waals radius
- 163 pm
- Melting point
- 1728 K
- Boiling point
- 3186 K
- Density
- 8.912 g/cm³
- Melting / boiling point
- 1454.8 °C / 2912.8 °C
- Common oxidation states
- +3, +2
- Discovered
- 1751
Natural isotopes
| Mass number A | Abundance |
|---|---|
| 58Ni | 68.08 % |
| 60Ni | 26.22 % |
| 61Ni | 1.14 % |
| 62Ni | 3.63 % |
| 64Ni | 0.9256 % |
Isotope masses: AME2020; abundances: IUPAC/CIAAW representative values.
Nickel in the course
The lessons that discuss this element most (ranked by mentions).
- Symmetry, distortion and the Jahn–Teller effect Coordination chemistry
- Colour and the spectrochemical series Coordination chemistry
- Metal carbonyls and the 18-electron rule Coordination chemistry
- Catalysts and materials Transition metals
- Electronic spectra: Δo and B from the bands Coordination chemistry
- Gravimetric analysis Titrimetric and gravimetric analysis
- Ligand substitution: labile and inert Coordination chemistry
- Oxidation states and colour Transition metals
Lab experiments with Nickel
Crystal structures
- Face-centred cubic (ccp) lattice parameter a = 352.4 pm
Periodic trend
Group 10
Data: PubChem periodic table (public domain); atomic weights are IUPAC abridged standard values; covalent radii from Cordero et al. (2008).