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25 Mn Manganese 54.938

Transition metal

Manganese 锰

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²

  • Period 4
  • Group 7
  • Block d
  • Solid

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁵ 4s²

Orbital diagram (valence)

3d ↑↑↑↑↑
4s ↑↓
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 13, 2
Unpaired electrons
5
Zeff (Slater)
3.60

Properties

Atomic weight
54.938
Electronegativity (Pauling)
1.55
First ionization energy
717.3 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
no data
Covalent radius
139 pm
van der Waals radius
197 pm
Melting point
1519 K
Boiling point
2334 K
Density
7.3 g/cm³
Melting / boiling point
1245.8 °C / 2060.8 °C
Common oxidation states
+7, +4, +3, +2
Discovered
1774

Natural isotopes

Mass number AAbundance
55Mn100.00 %

Isotope masses: AME2020; abundances: IUPAC/CIAAW representative values.

Manganese in the course

The lessons that discuss this element most (ranked by mentions).

Lab experiments with Manganese

Standard reduction potentials

MnOX4X−(aq)+4 HX+(aq)+3 eX−→MnOX2(s)+2 HX2O(l)\ce{MnO4-(aq)} + \ce{4H+(aq)} + \ce{3e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{MnO2(s)} + \ce{2H2O(l)}+1.679 V
MnX3+(aq)+eX−→MnX2+(aq)\ce{Mn^3+(aq)} + \ce{e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{Mn^2+(aq)}+1.542 V
MnOX4X−(aq)+8 HX+(aq)+5 eX−→MnX2+(aq)+4 HX2O(l)\ce{MnO4-(aq)} + \ce{8H+(aq)} + \ce{5e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{Mn^2+(aq)} + \ce{4H2O(l)}+1.507 V
MnX2OX3(s)+6 HX+(aq)+2 eX−→2 MnX2+(aq)+3 HX2O(l)\ce{Mn2O3(s)} + \ce{6H+(aq)} + \ce{2e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{2Mn^2+(aq)} + \ce{3H2O(l)}+1.485 V
MnOX2(s)+4 HX+(aq)+2 eX−→MnX2+(aq)+2 HX2O(l)\ce{MnO2(s)} + \ce{4H+(aq)} + \ce{2e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{Mn^2+(aq)} + \ce{2H2O(l)}+1.224 V
MnOX4X2−(aq)+2 HX2O(l)+2 eX−→MnOX2(s)+4 OHX−(aq)\ce{MnO4^2-(aq)} + \ce{2H2O(l)} + \ce{2e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{MnO2(s)} + \ce{4OH-(aq)}+0.600 V
MnOX4X−(aq)+2 HX2O(l)+3 eX−→MnOX2(s)+4 OHX−(aq)\ce{MnO4-(aq)} + \ce{2H2O(l)} + \ce{3e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{MnO2(s)} + \ce{4OH-(aq)}+0.595 V
MnOX4X−(aq)+eX−→MnOX4X2−(aq)\ce{MnO4-(aq)} + \ce{e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{MnO4^2-(aq)}+0.558 V
MnX2+(aq)+2 eX−→Mn(s)\ce{Mn^2+(aq)} + \ce{2e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{Mn(s)}−1.185 V
Mn(OH)X2(s)+2 eX−→Mn(s)+2 OHX−(aq)\ce{Mn(OH)2(s)} + \ce{2e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{Mn(s)} + \ce{2OH-(aq)}−1.560 V
All potentials

Periodic trend

H: 1312 kJ/molHe: 2372 kJ/molLi: 520.2 kJ/molBe: 899.5 kJ/molB: 800.6 kJ/molC: 1086 kJ/molN: 1402 kJ/molO: 1314 kJ/molF: 1681 kJ/molNe: 2081 kJ/molNa: 495.8 kJ/molMg: 737.7 kJ/molAl: 577.6 kJ/molSi: 786.5 kJ/molP: 1012 kJ/molS: 999.6 kJ/molCl: 1251 kJ/molAr: 1521 kJ/molK: 418.8 kJ/molCa: 589.8 kJ/molSc: 633 kJ/molTi: 658.8 kJ/molV: 650.9 kJ/molCr: 652.9 kJ/molMn: 717.3 kJ/molFe: 762.4 kJ/molCo: 760.4 kJ/molNi: 737.1 kJ/molCu: 745.4 kJ/molZn: 906.4 kJ/molGa: 578.8 kJ/molGe: 762.2 kJ/molAs: 947 kJ/molSe: 940.9 kJ/molBr: 1140 kJ/molKr: 1351 kJ/molRb: 403 kJ/molSr: 549.5 kJ/molY: 599.8 kJ/molZr: 640.1 kJ/molNb: 652.1 kJ/molMo: 684.3 kJ/molTc: 702.4 kJ/molRu: 710.2 kJ/molRh: 719.7 kJ/molPd: 804.4 kJ/molAg: 731 kJ/molCd: 867.8 kJ/molIn: 558.3 kJ/molSn: 708.6 kJ/molSb: 833.6 kJ/molTe: 869.3 kJ/molI: 1008 kJ/molXe: 1170 kJ/molCs: 375.7 kJ/molBa: 502.9 kJ/mol 0510152025303540455055Atomic number Z05001000150020002500First ionization energy / kJ/mol

Group 7

Data: PubChem periodic table (public domain); atomic weights are IUPAC abridged standard values; covalent radii from Cordero et al. (2008).