83 Bi Bismuth 208.98
Post-transition metal
Bismuth 铋
[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
- Period 6
- Group 15
- Block p
- Solid
Electron configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
Orbital diagram (valence)
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
- Unpaired electrons
- 3
- Zeff (Slater)
- 6.30
Properties
- Atomic weight
- 208.98
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 2.02
- First ionization energy
- 703.3 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 91.28 kJ/mol
- Covalent radius
- 148 pm
- van der Waals radius
- 207 pm
- Melting point
- 544.5 K
- Boiling point
- 1837 K
- Density
- 9.807 g/cm³
- Melting / boiling point
- 271.4 °C / 1563.8 °C
- Common oxidation states
- +5, +3
- Discovered
- 1753
Bismuth in the course
The lessons that discuss this element most (ranked by mentions).
Lab experiments with Bismuth
Periodic trend
Data: PubChem periodic table (public domain); atomic weights are IUPAC abridged standard values; covalent radii from Cordero et al. (2008).