配离子的稳定常数

金属离子与氨、卤离子、硫代硫酸根、硫氰酸根和氢氧根的逐级稳定常数 lg K 与累积稳定常数 lg β。铜氨配离子的分布、氯化银溶于氨水和两性氢氧化物的计算都用这张表。


$\ce{Cu^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cu(NH3)]^2+}$	1	4.04	4.04	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Cu^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cu(NH3)2]^2+}$	2	3.43	7.47	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Cu^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cu(NH3)3]^2+}$	3	2.80	10.27	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Cu^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cu(NH3)4]^2+}$	4	1.48	11.75	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Zn^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Zn(NH3)]^2+}$	1	2.21	2.21	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Zn^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Zn(NH3)2]^2+}$	2	2.29	4.50	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Zn^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Zn(NH3)3]^2+}$	3	2.36	6.86	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Zn^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Zn(NH3)4]^2+}$	4	2.03	8.89	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ni^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ni(NH3)]^2+}$	1	2.72	2.72	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ni^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ni(NH3)2]^2+}$	2	2.17	4.89	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ni^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ni(NH3)3]^2+}$	3	1.66	6.55	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ni^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ni(NH3)4]^2+}$	4	1.12	7.67	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ni^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ni(NH3)5]^2+}$	5	0.67	8.34	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ni^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ni(NH3)6]^2+}$	6	−0.03	8.31	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Cd^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cd(NH3)]^2+}$	1	2.55	2.55	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Cd^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cd(NH3)2]^2+}$	2	2.01	4.56	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Cd^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cd(NH3)3]^2+}$	3	1.34	5.90	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Cd^2+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Cd(NH3)4]^2+}$	4	0.84	6.74	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ag(NH3)]+}$	1	3.31	3.31	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{NH3}$	$\ce{[Ag(NH3)2]+}$	2	3.91	7.22	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{S2O3^2-}$	$\ce{[Ag(S2O3)]-}$	1	8.82	8.82	20 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{S2O3^2-}$	$\ce{[Ag(S2O3)2]^3-}$	2	4.85	13.67	20 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{AgCl(aq)}$	1	3.70	3.70	25 °C，I = 5 M
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{[AgCl2]-}$	2	1.92	5.62	25 °C，I = 5 M
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{[AgCl3]^2-}$	3	0.78	6.40	25 °C，I = 5 M
$\ce{Ag+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{[AgCl4]^3-}$	4	−0.30	6.10	25 °C，I = 5 M
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{[PbCl]+}$	1	1.59	1.59	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{PbCl2(aq)}$	2	0.21	1.80	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{[PbCl3]-}$	3	−0.10	1.70	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{Cl-}$	$\ce{[PbCl4]^2-}$	4	−0.30	1.40	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{I-}$	$\ce{[PbI]+}$	1	1.92	1.92	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{I-}$	$\ce{PbI2(aq)}$	2	1.28	3.20	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{I-}$	$\ce{[PbI3]-}$	3	0.70	3.90	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Pb^2+}$	$\ce{I-}$	$\ce{[PbI4]^2-}$	4	0.60	4.50	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Fe^3+}$	$\ce{SCN-}$	$\ce{[Fe(SCN)]^2+}$	1	3.02	3.02	25 °C，I = 0
$\ce{Al^3+}$	$\ce{OH-}$	$\ce{Al(OH)^2+}$	1	—	9.01	25 °C，I = 0（累积常数）
$\ce{Al^3+}$	$\ce{OH-}$	$\ce{Al(OH)4-}$	4	—	33.00	25 °C，I = 0（累积常数）
$\ce{Zn^2+}$	$\ce{OH-}$	$\ce{Zn(OH)+}$	1	—	5.00	25 °C，I = 0（累积常数）
$\ce{Zn^2+}$	$\ce{OH-}$	$\ce{Zn(OH)3-}$	3	—	13.60	25 °C，I = 0（累积常数）
$\ce{Zn^2+}$	$\ce{OH-}$	$\ce{Zn(OH)4^2-}$	4	—	14.80	25 °C，I = 0（累积常数）
$\ce{Fe^3+}$	$\ce{OH-}$	$\ce{Fe(OH)^2+}$	1	—	11.81	25 °C，I = 0（累积常数）
$\ce{Fe^3+}$	$\ce{OH-}$	$\ce{Fe(OH)2+}$	2	—	22.31	25 °C，I = 0（累积常数）

除注明者外为 25 °C、离子强度为零时的值；Ag⁺–Cl⁻ 为 5 M 离子强度，Ag⁺–S₂O₃²⁻ 为 20 °C。羟基配合物只列出实测的累积常数，估算的中性物种（如 Al(OH)₃(aq)、Zn(OH)₂(aq)）未列入。

数据来源

A. E. Martell & R. M. Smith, Critical Stability Constants (Plenum, 1974–1989), as tabulated in D. Harvey, Analytical Chemistry 2.1, Appendix 12.

数据来源

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