22 Ti Titanium 47.867
Transition metal
Titanium 钛
[Ar] 3d² 4s²
- Period 4
- Group 4
- Block d
- Solid
Electron configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²
Orbital diagram (valence)
3d ↑↑
4s ↑↓
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 10, 2
- Unpaired electrons
- 2
- Zeff (Slater)
- 3.15
Properties
- Atomic weight
- 47.867
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.54
- First ionization energy
- 658.8 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 7.622 kJ/mol
- Covalent radius
- 160 pm
- van der Waals radius
- 187 pm
- Melting point
- 1941 K
- Boiling point
- 3560 K
- Density
- 4.5 g/cm³
- Melting / boiling point
- 1667.8 °C / 3286.8 °C
- Common oxidation states
- +4, +3, +2
- Discovered
- 1791
Natural isotopes
| Mass number A | Abundance |
|---|---|
| 46Ti | 8.25 % |
| 47Ti | 7.44 % |
| 48Ti | 73.72 % |
| 49Ti | 5.41 % |
| 50Ti | 5.18 % |
Isotope masses: AME2020; abundances: IUPAC/CIAAW representative values.
Titanium in the course
The lessons that discuss this element most (ranked by mentions).
- Extracting metals Transition metals
- Ionic crystals: polyhedra and radius ratios Crystals and solids
- Ellingham diagrams and metal extraction Entropy and free energy
- Surfaces and adsorption: counting the molecules that cover a solid Crystals and solids
- Symmetry, distortion and the Jahn–Teller effect Coordination chemistry
Lab experiments with Titanium
Crystal structures
- Rutile lattice parameter a = 459.4 pm
- Perovskite lattice parameter a = 390.5 pm
Periodic trend
Group 4
Data: PubChem periodic table (public domain); atomic weights are IUPAC abridged standard values; covalent radii from Cordero et al. (2008).