VisualChem The interactive chemistry textbook
中文
50 Sn Tin 118.71

Post-transition metal

Tin 锡

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

  • Period 5
  • Group 14
  • Block p
  • Solid

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

Orbital diagram (valence)

5s ↑↓
5p ↑↑
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Unpaired electrons
2
Zeff (Slater)
5.65

Properties

Atomic weight
118.71
Electronegativity (Pauling)
1.96
First ionization energy
708.6 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
115.8 kJ/mol
Covalent radius
139 pm
van der Waals radius
217 pm
Melting point
505.1 K
Boiling point
2875 K
Density
7.287 g/cm³
Melting / boiling point
231.9 °C / 2601.8 °C
Common oxidation states
+4, +2
Discovered
Known since antiquity

Natural isotopes

112114115116117118119120122124m/z020406080100Abundance / %
Mass number AAtomic mass / uAbundance
112Sn111.9048240.9700 %
114Sn113.9027830.6600 %
115Sn114.9033450.3400 %
116Sn115.90174314.54 %
117Sn116.9029547.68 %
118Sn117.90160724.22 %
119Sn118.9033118.59 %
120Sn119.90220232.58 %
122Sn121.9034444.63 %
124Sn123.9052775.79 %

Isotope masses: AME2020; abundances: IUPAC/CIAAW representative values.

Tin in the course

The lessons that discuss this element most (ranked by mentions).

Standard reduction potentials

SnX4+(aq)+2 eX−→SnX2+(aq)\ce{Sn^4+(aq)} + \ce{2e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{Sn^2+(aq)}+0.151 V
SnX2+(aq)+2 eX−→Sn(s)\ce{Sn^2+(aq)} + \ce{2e-} \mathrel{\ce{->}} \ce{Sn(s)}−0.138 V
All potentials

Periodic trend

H: 1312 kJ/molHe: 2372 kJ/molLi: 520.2 kJ/molBe: 899.5 kJ/molB: 800.6 kJ/molC: 1086 kJ/molN: 1402 kJ/molO: 1314 kJ/molF: 1681 kJ/molNe: 2081 kJ/molNa: 495.8 kJ/molMg: 737.7 kJ/molAl: 577.6 kJ/molSi: 786.5 kJ/molP: 1012 kJ/molS: 999.6 kJ/molCl: 1251 kJ/molAr: 1521 kJ/molK: 418.8 kJ/molCa: 589.8 kJ/molSc: 633 kJ/molTi: 658.8 kJ/molV: 650.9 kJ/molCr: 652.9 kJ/molMn: 717.3 kJ/molFe: 762.4 kJ/molCo: 760.4 kJ/molNi: 737.1 kJ/molCu: 745.4 kJ/molZn: 906.4 kJ/molGa: 578.8 kJ/molGe: 762.2 kJ/molAs: 947 kJ/molSe: 940.9 kJ/molBr: 1140 kJ/molKr: 1351 kJ/molRb: 403 kJ/molSr: 549.5 kJ/molY: 599.8 kJ/molZr: 640.1 kJ/molNb: 652.1 kJ/molMo: 684.3 kJ/molTc: 702.4 kJ/molRu: 710.2 kJ/molRh: 719.7 kJ/molPd: 804.4 kJ/molAg: 731 kJ/molCd: 867.8 kJ/molIn: 558.3 kJ/molSn: 708.6 kJ/molSb: 833.6 kJ/molTe: 869.3 kJ/molI: 1008 kJ/molXe: 1170 kJ/molCs: 375.7 kJ/molBa: 502.9 kJ/molLa: 538.1 kJ/molCe: 534.4 kJ/molPr: 527.2 kJ/molNd: 533.1 kJ/mol 051015202530354045505560Atomic number Z05001000150020002500First ionization energy / kJ/mol

Group 14

Data: PubChem periodic table (public domain); atomic weights are IUPAC abridged standard values; covalent radii from Cordero et al. (2008).