离子的极限摩尔电导率(25 °C)

无限稀释水溶液中各离子的摩尔电导率 λ° 与扩散系数。按科尔劳施定律,电解质的 Λ° 等于各离子 λ° 之和;电导分析一课的全部曲线都由这张表计算。

22 行
HX+\ce{H+}1349.65349.659.311
LiX+\ce{Li+}138.6638.661.029
NaX+\ce{Na+}150.0850.081.334
KX+\ce{K+}173.4873.481.957
NHX4X+\ce{NH4+}173.5073.501.957
AgX+\ce{Ag+}161.9061.901.648
12 MgX2+\ce{1/2 Mg^2+}253.00106.000.706
12 CaX2+\ce{1/2 Ca^2+}259.47118.940.792
12 BaX2+\ce{1/2 Ba^2+}263.60127.200.847
12 CuX2+\ce{1/2 Cu^2+}253.60107.200.714
OHX−\ce{OH-}−1198.00198.005.273
FX−\ce{F-}−155.4055.401.475
ClX−\ce{Cl-}−176.3176.312.032
BrX−\ce{Br-}−178.1078.102.080
IX−\ce{I-}−176.8076.802.045
NOX3X−\ce{NO3-}−171.4271.421.902
ClOX4X−\ce{ClO4-}−167.3067.301.792
HCOX3X−\ce{HCO3-}−144.5044.501.185
12 COX3X2−\ce{1/2 CO3^2-}−269.30138.600.923
12 SOX4X2−\ce{1/2 SO4^2-}−280.00160.001.065
CHX3COOX−\ce{CH3COO-}−140.9040.901.089
HCOOX−\ce{HCOO-}−154.6054.601.454

多价离子按每当量列出(如 ½Ca²⁺ 为 59.47),每摩尔离子的值为其 |z| 倍。H⁺ 和 OH⁻ 靠质子沿氢键接力(Grotthuss 机理)而特别快。较早的汇编(如 H⁺ 349.8、Na⁺ 50.10、Cl⁻ 76.35)与本表相差不到 0.3 %。

数据来源

  1. “Ionic conductivity and diffusion at infinite dilution”, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th ed. (2016), section 5.
  2. R. A. Robinson, R. H. Stokes, Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd ed. (Butterworths, 1959), Appendix 6.2.

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