1:1 电解质的平均活度系数

25 °C 水中 NaCl 和 HCl 的实测 γ±,与德拜–休克尔极限定律、扩展定律(å = 4.7 Å)和戴维斯方程的计算值并列,外加各浓度下的德拜长度。

10 行
0.0010.9650.9650.9630.9650.96596.2
0.0050.9280.9290.9200.9280.92743.0
0.0100.9030.9050.8890.9030.90230.4
0.0500.8220.8320.7690.8220.82113.6
0.1000.7790.7970.6890.7790.7819.6
0.5000.6810.7590.4350.6720.7334.3
1.0000.6570.8110.3080.6300.7903.0
2.0000.6681.0090.1890.5931.0172.2
3.0000.7141.3160.1300.5741.3671.8
6.0000.9863.2300.0560.5483.6041.2

模型列由本站内核计算:A = 0.5108、B = 0.3287 Å⁻¹,比耶鲁姆长度 7.16 Å;å = 4.7 Å 是扩展定律对 NaCl 在 0.1 mol kg⁻¹ 以内数据的最小二乘拟合值。这些公式只看电荷,对 NaCl 和 HCl 给出同一个数;两种盐在 0.1 mol kg⁻¹ 以上的差别来自离子的水合等短程作用。

数据来源

  1. W. J. Hamer & Y.-C. Wu, “Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uni-univalent electrolytes in water at 25 °C”, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1, 1047–1099 (1972), Tables 4 (HCl) and 16 (NaCl).
  2. C. G. Malmberg & A. A. Maryott, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 56, 1–8 (1956): relative permittivity of water, 78.30 at 25 °C, from which A, B and the Debye length are computed.

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