Electron configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f² 6s² 6p⁶ 6d¹ 7s²
Orbital diagram (valence)
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2
- Unpaired electrons
- 3
- Zeff (Slater)
- 3.00
Properties
- Atomic weight
- 231.04
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.5
- First ionization energy
- 568.3 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- no data
- Covalent radius
- 200 pm
- van der Waals radius
- 243 pm
- Melting point
- 1845 K
- Boiling point
- no data
- Density
- 15.37 g/cm³
- Melting / boiling point
- 1571.8 °C / —
- Common oxidation states
- +5, +4
- Discovered
- 1913
Periodic trend
Data: PubChem periodic table (public domain); atomic weights are IUPAC abridged standard values; covalent radii from Cordero et al. (2008).