64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25
Lanthanide
Gadolinium 钆
[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
- Period 6
- Group —
- Block f
- Solid
Electron configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f⁷ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹ 6s²
Orbital diagram (valence)
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
- Unpaired electrons
- 8
- Zeff (Slater)
- 3.00
Properties
- Atomic weight
- 157.25
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.2
- First ionization energy
- 593.4 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- no data
- Covalent radius
- 196 pm
- van der Waals radius
- 237 pm
- Melting point
- 1586 K
- Boiling point
- 3546 K
- Density
- 7.9 g/cm³
- Melting / boiling point
- 1312.8 °C / 3272.8 °C
- Common oxidation states
- +3
- Discovered
- 1880
Gadolinium in the course
The lessons that discuss this element most (ranked by mentions).
Periodic trend
Data: PubChem periodic table (public domain); atomic weights are IUPAC abridged standard values; covalent radii from Cordero et al. (2008).