Nuclide data: masses, binding energies and half-lives

All 253 stable nuclides (NUBASE2020) with atomic mass, binding energy per nucleon and natural abundance, plus the half-lives, decay modes and uses of the radionuclides used on this site.

297 rows
X1X221H\ce{^{1}H}Hydrogen1011.0078250.00099.99stable——
X2X222H\ce{^{2}H}Hydrogen1122.0141021.1120.0115stable——
X3X223He\ce{^{3}He}Helium2133.0160292.5731.340 × 10⁻⁴stable——
X4X224He\ce{^{4}He}Helium2244.0026037.074100stable——
X6X226Li\ce{^{6}Li}Lithium3366.0151235.3327.59stable——
X7X227Li\ce{^{7}Li}Lithium3477.0160035.60692.41stable——
X9X229Be\ce{^{9}Be}Beryllium4599.0121836.463100stable——
X10X2210B\ce{^{10}B}Boron551010.0129376.47519.9stable——
X11X2211B\ce{^{11}B}Boron561111.0093056.92880.1stable——
X12X2212C\ce{^{12}C}Carbon661212.0000007.68098.93stable——
X13X2213C\ce{^{13}C}Carbon671313.0033557.4701.07stable——
X14X2214N\ce{^{14}N}Nitrogen771414.0030747.47699.64stable——
X15X2215N\ce{^{15}N}Nitrogen781515.0001097.6990.364stable——
X16X2216O\ce{^{16}O}Oxygen881615.9949157.97699.76stable——
X17X2217O\ce{^{17}O}Oxygen891716.9991327.7510.038stable——
X18X2218O\ce{^{18}O}Oxygen8101817.9991607.7670.205stable——
X19X2219F\ce{^{19}F}Fluorine9101918.9984037.779100stable——
X20X2220Ne\ce{^{20}Ne}Neon10102019.9924408.03290.48stable——
X21X2221Ne\ce{^{21}Ne}Neon10112120.9938477.9720.27stable——
X22X2222Ne\ce{^{22}Ne}Neon10122221.9913858.0809.25stable——
X23X2223Na\ce{^{23}Na}Sodium11122322.9897698.111100stable——
X24X2224Mg\ce{^{24}Mg}Magnesium12122423.9850428.26178.99stable——
X25X2225Mg\ce{^{25}Mg}Magnesium12132524.9858378.22410stable——
X26X2226Mg\ce{^{26}Mg}Magnesium12142625.9825938.33411.01stable——
X27X2227Al\ce{^{27}Al}Aluminium13142726.9815388.332100stable——
X28X2228Si\ce{^{28}Si}Silicon14142827.9769278.44892.22stable——
X29X2229Si\ce{^{29}Si}Silicon14152928.9764958.4494.685stable——
X30X2230Si\ce{^{30}Si}Silicon14163029.9737708.5213.092stable——
X31X2231P\ce{^{31}P}Phosphorus15163130.9737628.481100stable——
X32X2232S\ce{^{32}S}Sulfur16163231.9720718.49394.99stable——
X33X2233S\ce{^{33}S}Sulfur16173332.9714598.4980.75stable——
X34X2234S\ce{^{34}S}Sulfur16183433.9678678.5834.25stable——
X36X2236S\ce{^{36}S}Sulfur16203635.9670818.5750.01stable——
X35X2235Cl\ce{^{35}Cl}Chlorine17183534.9688538.52075.76stable——
X37X2237Cl\ce{^{37}Cl}Chlorine17203736.9659038.57024.24stable——
X36X2236Ar\ce{^{36}Ar}Argon18183635.9675458.5200.3336stable——
X38X2238Ar\ce{^{38}Ar}Argon18203837.9627328.6140.0629stable——
X40X2240Ar\ce{^{40}Ar}Argon18224039.9623838.59599.6stable——
X39X2239K\ce{^{39}K}Potassium19203938.9637068.55793.26stable——
X41X2241K\ce{^{41}K}Potassium19224140.9618258.5766.73stable——
X40X2240Ca\ce{^{40}Ca}Calcium20204039.9625918.55196.94stable——
X42X2242Ca\ce{^{42}Ca}Calcium20224241.9586188.6170.647stable——
X43X2243Ca\ce{^{43}Ca}Calcium20234342.9587668.6010.135stable——
X44X2244Ca\ce{^{44}Ca}Calcium20244443.9554818.6582.086stable——
X46X2246Ca\ce{^{46}Ca}Calcium20264645.9536888.6690.004stable——
X45X2245Sc\ce{^{45}Sc}Scandium21244544.9559078.619100stable——
X46X2246Ti\ce{^{46}Ti}Titanium22244645.9526268.6568.25stable——
X47X2247Ti\ce{^{47}Ti}Titanium22254746.9517578.6617.44stable——
X48X2248Ti\ce{^{48}Ti}Titanium22264847.9479418.72373.72stable——
X49X2249Ti\ce{^{49}Ti}Titanium22274948.9478648.7115.41stable——
X50X2250Ti\ce{^{50}Ti}Titanium22285049.9447868.7565.18stable——
X51X2251V\ce{^{51}V}Vanadium23285150.9439588.74299.75stable——
X50X2250Cr\ce{^{50}Cr}Chromium24265049.9460428.7014.345stable——
X52X2252Cr\ce{^{52}Cr}Chromium24285251.9405058.77683.79stable——
X53X2253Cr\ce{^{53}Cr}Chromium24295352.9406468.7609.501stable——
X54X2254Cr\ce{^{54}Cr}Chromium24305453.9388778.7782.365stable——
X55X2255Mn\ce{^{55}Mn}Manganese25305554.9380438.765100stable——
X54X2254Fe\ce{^{54}Fe}Iron26285453.9396088.7365.845stable——
X56X2256Fe\ce{^{56}Fe}Iron26305655.9349368.79091.75stable——
X57X2257Fe\ce{^{57}Fe}Iron26315756.9353928.7702.119stable——
X58X2258Fe\ce{^{58}Fe}Iron26325857.9332748.7920.282stable——
X59X2259Co\ce{^{59}Co}Cobalt27325958.9331948.768100stable——
X58X2258Ni\ce{^{58}Ni}Nickel28305857.9353428.73268.08stable——
X60X2260Ni\ce{^{60}Ni}Nickel28326059.9307858.78126.22stable——
X61X2261Ni\ce{^{61}Ni}Nickel28336160.9310558.7651.14stable——
X62X2262Ni\ce{^{62}Ni}Nickel28346261.9283458.7953.635stable——
X64X2264Ni\ce{^{64}Ni}Nickel28366463.9279668.7770.9256stable——
X63X2263Cu\ce{^{63}Cu}Copper29346362.9295978.75269.15stable——
X65X2265Cu\ce{^{65}Cu}Copper29366564.9277898.75730.85stable——
X64X2264Zn\ce{^{64}Zn}Zinc30346463.9291428.73649.17stable——
X66X2266Zn\ce{^{66}Zn}Zinc30366665.9260348.76027.73stable——
X67X2267Zn\ce{^{67}Zn}Zinc30376766.9271278.7344.04stable——
X68X2268Zn\ce{^{68}Zn}Zinc30386867.9248448.75618.45stable——
X70X2270Zn\ce{^{70}Zn}Zinc30407069.9253198.7300.61stable——
X69X2269Ga\ce{^{69}Ga}Gallium31386968.9255748.72560.11stable——
X71X2271Ga\ce{^{71}Ga}Gallium31407170.9247038.71839.89stable——
X70X2270Ge\ce{^{70}Ge}Germanium32387069.9242498.72220.52stable——
X72X2272Ge\ce{^{72}Ge}Germanium32407271.9220768.73227.45stable——
X73X2273Ge\ce{^{73}Ge}Germanium32417372.9234598.7057.76stable——
X74X2274Ge\ce{^{74}Ge}Germanium32427473.9211788.72536.52stable——
X75X2275As\ce{^{75}As}Arsenic33427574.9215958.701100stable——
X74X2274Se\ce{^{74}Se}Selenium34407473.9224768.6880.86stable——
X76X2276Se\ce{^{76}Se}Selenium34427675.9192148.7119.23stable——
X77X2277Se\ce{^{77}Se}Selenium34437776.9199148.6957.6stable——
X78X2278Se\ce{^{78}Se}Selenium34447877.9173098.71823.69stable——
X80X2280Se\ce{^{80}Se}Selenium34468079.9165228.71149.8stable——
X79X2279Br\ce{^{79}Br}Bromine35447978.9183388.68850.65stable——
X81X2281Br\ce{^{81}Br}Bromine35468180.9162888.69649.35stable——
X78X2278Kr\ce{^{78}Kr}Krypton36427877.9203668.6610.355stable——
X80X2280Kr\ce{^{80}Kr}Krypton36448079.9163788.6932.286stable——
X82X2282Kr\ce{^{82}Kr}Krypton36468281.9134818.71111.59stable——
X83X2283Kr\ce{^{83}Kr}Krypton36478382.9141278.69611.5stable——
X84X2284Kr\ce{^{84}Kr}Krypton36488483.9114988.71756.99stable——
X86X2286Kr\ce{^{86}Kr}Krypton36508685.9106118.71217.28stable——
X85X2285Rb\ce{^{85}Rb}Rubidium37488584.9117908.69772.17stable——
X84X2284Sr\ce{^{84}Sr}Strontium38468483.9134198.6780.56stable——
X86X2286Sr\ce{^{86}Sr}Strontium38488685.9092618.7089.86stable——
X87X2287Sr\ce{^{87}Sr}Strontium38498786.9088778.7057stable——
X88X2288Sr\ce{^{88}Sr}Strontium38508887.9056128.73382.58stable——
X89X2289Y\ce{^{89}Y}Yttrium39508988.9058388.714100stable——
X90X2290Zr\ce{^{90}Zr}Zirconium40509089.9046998.71051.45stable——
X91X2291Zr\ce{^{91}Zr}Zirconium40519190.9056408.69311.22stable——
X92X2292Zr\ce{^{92}Zr}Zirconium40529291.9050358.69317.15stable——
X94X2294Zr\ce{^{94}Zr}Zirconium40549493.9063138.66717.38stable——
X93X2293Nb\ce{^{93}Nb}Niobium41529392.9063738.664100stable——
X92X2292Mo\ce{^{92}Mo}Molybdenum42509291.9068078.65814.65stable——
X94X2294Mo\ce{^{94}Mo}Molybdenum42529493.9050848.6629.187stable——
X95X2295Mo\ce{^{95}Mo}Molybdenum42539594.9058378.64915.87stable——
X96X2296Mo\ce{^{96}Mo}Molybdenum42549695.9046758.65416.67stable——
X97X2297Mo\ce{^{97}Mo}Molybdenum42559796.9060178.6359.582stable——
X98X2298Mo\ce{^{98}Mo}Molybdenum42569897.9054048.63524.29stable——
X96X2296Ru\ce{^{96}Ru}Ruthenium44529695.9075898.6095.54stable——
X98X2298Ru\ce{^{98}Ru}Ruthenium44549897.9052878.6201.87stable——
X99X2299Ru\ce{^{99}Ru}Ruthenium44559998.9059308.60912.76stable——
X100X22100Ru\ce{^{100}Ru}Ruthenium445610099.9042108.61912.6stable——
X101X22101Ru\ce{^{101}Ru}Ruthenium4457101100.9055738.60117.06stable——
X102X22102Ru\ce{^{102}Ru}Ruthenium4458102101.9043408.60731.55stable——
X104X22104Ru\ce{^{104}Ru}Ruthenium4460104103.9054258.58718.62stable——
X103X22103Rh\ce{^{103}Rh}Rhodium4558103102.9054948.584100stable——
X102X22102Pd\ce{^{102}Pd}Palladium4656102101.9056328.5801.02stable——
X104X22104Pd\ce{^{104}Pd}Palladium4658104103.9040308.58511.14stable——
X105X22105Pd\ce{^{105}Pd}Palladium4659105104.9050798.57122.33stable——
X106X22106Pd\ce{^{106}Pd}Palladium4660106105.9034808.58027.33stable——
X108X22108Pd\ce{^{108}Pd}Palladium4662108107.9038928.56726.46stable——
X110X22110Pd\ce{^{110}Pd}Palladium4664110109.9051738.54711.72stable——
X107X22107Ag\ce{^{107}Ag}Silver4760107106.9050928.55451.84stable——
X109X22109Ag\ce{^{109}Ag}Silver4762109108.9047568.54848.16stable——
X106X22106Cd\ce{^{106}Cd}Cadmium4858106105.9064608.5391.245stable——
X108X22108Cd\ce{^{108}Cd}Cadmium4860108107.9041848.5500.888stable——
X110X22110Cd\ce{^{110}Cd}Cadmium4862110109.9030078.55112.47stable——
X111X22111Cd\ce{^{111}Cd}Cadmium4863111110.9041848.53712.79stable——
X112X22112Cd\ce{^{112}Cd}Cadmium4864112111.9027648.54524.11stable——
X114X22114Cd\ce{^{114}Cd}Cadmium4866114113.9033658.53228.75stable——
X113X22113In\ce{^{113}In}Indium4964113112.9040608.5234.281stable——
X112X22112Sn\ce{^{112}Sn}Tin5062112111.9048258.5140.97stable——
X114X22114Sn\ce{^{114}Sn}Tin5064114113.9027808.5230.66stable——
X115X22115Sn\ce{^{115}Sn}Tin5065115114.9033458.5140.34stable——
X116X22116Sn\ce{^{116}Sn}Tin5066116115.9017438.52314.54stable——
X117X22117Sn\ce{^{117}Sn}Tin5067117116.9029548.5107.68stable——
X118X22118Sn\ce{^{118}Sn}Tin5068118117.9016078.51724.22stable——
X119X22119Sn\ce{^{119}Sn}Tin5069119118.9033118.4998.59stable——
X120X22120Sn\ce{^{120}Sn}Tin5070120119.9022038.50432.58stable——
X122X22122Sn\ce{^{122}Sn}Tin5072122121.9034458.4884.63stable——
X124X22124Sn\ce{^{124}Sn}Tin5074124123.9052808.4675.79stable——
X121X22121Sb\ce{^{121}Sb}Antimony5170121120.9038118.48257.21stable——
X123X22123Sb\ce{^{123}Sb}Antimony5172123122.9042158.47242.79stable——
X120X22120Te\ce{^{120}Te}Tellurium5268120119.9040668.4770.09stable——
X122X22122Te\ce{^{122}Te}Tellurium5270122121.9030458.4782.55stable——
X123X22123Te\ce{^{123}Te}Tellurium5271123122.9042718.4660.89stable——
X124X22124Te\ce{^{124}Te}Tellurium5272124123.9028188.4734.74stable——
X125X22125Te\ce{^{125}Te}Tellurium5273125124.9044318.4587.07stable——
X126X22126Te\ce{^{126}Te}Tellurium5274126125.9033128.46318.84stable——
X127X22127I\ce{^{127}I}Iodine5374127126.9044738.445100stable——
X124X22124Xe\ce{^{124}Xe}Xenon5470124123.9058858.4380.095stable——
X126X22126Xe\ce{^{126}Xe}Xenon5472126125.9042978.4440.089stable——
X128X22128Xe\ce{^{128}Xe}Xenon5474128127.9035318.4431.91stable——
X129X22129Xe\ce{^{129}Xe}Xenon5475129128.9047818.43126.4stable——
X130X22130Xe\ce{^{130}Xe}Xenon5476130129.9035098.4384.071stable——
X131X22131Xe\ce{^{131}Xe}Xenon5477131130.9050848.42421.23stable——
X132X22132Xe\ce{^{132}Xe}Xenon5478132131.9041558.42826.91stable——
X134X22134Xe\ce{^{134}Xe}Xenon5480134133.9053938.41410.44stable——
X133X22133Cs\ce{^{133}Cs}Caesium5578133132.9054528.410100stable——
X130X22130Ba\ce{^{130}Ba}Barium5674130129.9063268.4060.11stable——
X132X22132Ba\ce{^{132}Ba}Barium5676132131.9050618.4090.1stable——
X134X22134Ba\ce{^{134}Ba}Barium5678134133.9045088.4082.42stable——
X135X22135Ba\ce{^{135}Ba}Barium5679135134.9056888.3986.59stable——
X136X22136Ba\ce{^{136}Ba}Barium5680136135.9045768.4037.85stable——
X137X22137Ba\ce{^{137}Ba}Barium5681137136.9058278.39211.23stable——
X138X22138Ba\ce{^{138}Ba}Barium5682138137.9052478.39371.7stable——
X139X22139La\ce{^{139}La}Lanthanum5782139138.9063638.37899.91stable——
X136X22136Ce\ce{^{136}Ce}Cerium5878136135.9071298.3740.186stable——
X138X22138Ce\ce{^{138}Ce}Cerium5880138137.9059948.3770.251stable——
X140X22140Ce\ce{^{140}Ce}Cerium5882140139.9054488.37688.45stable——
X142X22142Ce\ce{^{142}Ce}Cerium5884142141.9092508.34711.11stable——
X141X22141Pr\ce{^{141}Pr}Praseodymium5982141140.9076608.354100stable——
X142X22142Nd\ce{^{142}Nd}Neodymium6082142141.9077298.34627.15stable——
X143X22143Nd\ce{^{143}Nd}Neodymium6083143142.9098208.33012.17stable——
X145X22145Nd\ce{^{145}Nd}Neodymium6085145144.9125798.3098.293stable——
X146X22146Nd\ce{^{146}Nd}Neodymium6086146145.9131228.30417.19stable——
X148X22148Nd\ce{^{148}Nd}Neodymium6088148147.9168998.2775.756stable——
X144X22144Sm\ce{^{144}Sm}Samarium6282144143.9120068.3043.08stable——
X149X22149Sm\ce{^{149}Sm}Samarium6287149148.9171918.26313.82stable——
X150X22150Sm\ce{^{150}Sm}Samarium6288150149.9172828.2627.37stable——
X152X22152Sm\ce{^{152}Sm}Samarium6290152151.9197398.24426.74stable——
X154X22154Sm\ce{^{154}Sm}Samarium6292154153.9222168.22722.74stable——
X153X22153Eu\ce{^{153}Eu}Europium6390153152.9212378.22952.19stable——
X154X22154Gd\ce{^{154}Gd}Gadolinium6490154153.9208738.2252.18stable——
X155X22155Gd\ce{^{155}Gd}Gadolinium6491155154.9226298.21314.8stable——
X156X22156Gd\ce{^{156}Gd}Gadolinium6492156155.9221308.21520.47stable——
X157X22157Gd\ce{^{157}Gd}Gadolinium6493157156.9239678.20415.65stable——
X158X22158Gd\ce{^{158}Gd}Gadolinium6494158157.9241118.20224.84stable——
X160X22160Gd\ce{^{160}Gd}Gadolinium6496160159.9270618.18321.86stable——
X159X22159Tb\ce{^{159}Tb}Terbium6594159158.9253548.189100stable——
X156X22156Dy\ce{^{156}Dy}Dysprosium6690156155.9242848.1920.056stable——
X158X22158Dy\ce{^{158}Dy}Dysprosium6692158157.9244158.1900.095stable——
X160X22160Dy\ce{^{160}Dy}Dysprosium6694160159.9252048.1842.329stable——
X161X22161Dy\ce{^{161}Dy}Dysprosium6695161160.9269398.17318.89stable——
X162X22162Dy\ce{^{162}Dy}Dysprosium6696162161.9268058.17325.48stable——
X163X22163Dy\ce{^{163}Dy}Dysprosium6697163162.9287378.16224.9stable——
X164X22164Dy\ce{^{164}Dy}Dysprosium6698164163.9291818.15928.26stable——
X165X22165Ho\ce{^{165}Ho}Holmium6798165164.9303298.147100stable——
X162X22162Er\ce{^{162}Er}Erbium6894162161.9287878.1520.139stable——
X164X22164Er\ce{^{164}Er}Erbium6896164163.9292088.1491.601stable——
X166X22166Er\ce{^{166}Er}Erbium6898166165.9303018.14233.5stable——
X167X22167Er\ce{^{167}Er}Erbium6899167166.9320568.13222.87stable——
X168X22168Er\ce{^{168}Er}Erbium68100168167.9323788.13026.98stable——
X170X22170Er\ce{^{170}Er}Erbium68102170169.9354728.11214.91stable——
X169X22169Tm\ce{^{169}Tm}Thulium69100169168.9342198.114100stable——
X168X22168Yb\ce{^{168}Yb}Ytterbium7098168167.9338918.1120.123stable——
X170X22170Yb\ce{^{170}Yb}Ytterbium70100170169.9347678.1072.982stable——
X171X22171Yb\ce{^{171}Yb}Ytterbium70101171170.9363328.09814.09stable——
X172X22172Yb\ce{^{172}Yb}Ytterbium70102172171.9363878.09721.69stable——
X173X22173Yb\ce{^{173}Yb}Ytterbium70103173172.9382168.08716.1stable——
X174X22174Yb\ce{^{174}Yb}Ytterbium70104174173.9388688.08432.02stable——
X176X22176Yb\ce{^{176}Yb}Ytterbium70106176175.9425758.06412.99stable——
X175X22175Lu\ce{^{175}Lu}Lutetium71104175174.9407778.06997.4stable——
X176X22176Hf\ce{^{176}Hf}Hafnium72104176175.9414108.0615.26stable——
X177X22177Hf\ce{^{177}Hf}Hafnium72105177176.9432308.05218.6stable——
X178X22178Hf\ce{^{178}Hf}Hafnium72106178177.9437088.04927.28stable——
X179X22179Hf\ce{^{179}Hf}Hafnium72107179178.9458268.03913.62stable——
X180X22180Hf\ce{^{180}Hf}Hafnium72108180179.9465608.03535.08stable——
X181X22181Ta\ce{^{181}Ta}Tantalum73108181180.9479998.02399.99stable——
X182X22182W\ce{^{182}W}Tungsten74108182181.9482068.01826.5stable——
X183X22183W\ce{^{183}W}Tungsten74109183182.9502248.00814.31stable——
X184X22184W\ce{^{184}W}Tungsten74110184183.9509338.00530.64stable——
X186X22186W\ce{^{186}W}Tungsten74112186185.9543657.98928.43stable——
X185X22185Re\ce{^{185}Re}Rhenium75110185184.9529587.99137.4stable——
X187X22187Os\ce{^{187}Os}Osmium76111187186.9557507.9741.96stable——
X188X22188Os\ce{^{188}Os}Osmium76112188187.9558377.97413.24stable——
X189X22189Os\ce{^{189}Os}Osmium76113189188.9581467.96316.15stable——
X190X22190Os\ce{^{190}Os}Osmium76114190189.9584457.96226.26stable——
X192X22192Os\ce{^{192}Os}Osmium76116192191.9614797.94940.78stable——
X191X22191Ir\ce{^{191}Ir}Iridium77114191190.9605917.94837.3stable——
X193X22193Ir\ce{^{193}Ir}Iridium77116193192.9629247.93862.7stable——
X192X22192Pt\ce{^{192}Pt}Platinum78114192191.9610437.9420.782stable——
X194X22194Pt\ce{^{194}Pt}Platinum78116194193.9626837.93632.86stable——
X195X22195Pt\ce{^{195}Pt}Platinum78117195194.9647947.92733.77stable——
X196X22196Pt\ce{^{196}Pt}Platinum78118196195.9649557.92725.21stable——
X198X22198Pt\ce{^{198}Pt}Platinum78120198197.9678977.9147.356stable——
X197X22197Au\ce{^{197}Au}Gold79118197196.9665707.916100stable——
X196X22196Hg\ce{^{196}Hg}Mercury80116196195.9658337.9140.15stable——
X198X22198Hg\ce{^{198}Hg}Mercury80118198197.9667697.91210.04stable——
X199X22199Hg\ce{^{199}Hg}Mercury80119199198.9682817.90516.94stable——
X200X22200Hg\ce{^{200}Hg}Mercury80120200199.9683277.90623.14stable——
X201X22201Hg\ce{^{201}Hg}Mercury80121201200.9703037.89813.17stable——
X202X22202Hg\ce{^{202}Hg}Mercury80122202201.9706447.89729.74stable——
X204X22204Hg\ce{^{204}Hg}Mercury80124204203.9734947.8866.82stable——
X203X22203Tl\ce{^{203}Tl}Thallium81122203202.9723447.88629.52stable——
X205X22205Tl\ce{^{205}Tl}Thallium81124205204.9744277.87870.48stable——
X204X22204Pb\ce{^{204}Pb}Lead82122204203.9730447.8801.4stable——
X206X22206Pb\ce{^{206}Pb}Lead82124206205.9744657.87524.1stable——
X207X22207Pb\ce{^{207}Pb}Lead82125207206.9758977.87022.1stable——
X208X22208Pb\ce{^{208}Pb}Lead82126208207.9766527.86752.4stable——
X3X223H\ce{^{3}H}Hydrogen1233.0160492.827—12.32 yearsβ⁻Tritium: self-luminous exit signs, fusion fuel
X7X227Be\ce{^{7}Be}Beryllium4377.0169295.372—53.22 daysECMade continuously by cosmic rays in the air
X11X2211C\ce{^{11}C}Carbon651111.0114336.676—20.34 minβ⁺PET tracer
X14X2214C\ce{^{14}C}Carbon681414.0032427.520—5700 yearsβ⁻Radiocarbon dating
X13X2213N\ce{^{13}N}Nitrogen761313.0057397.239—9.965 minβ⁺PET heart-perfusion imaging
X15X2215O\ce{^{15}O}Oxygen871515.0030667.464—2.038 minβ⁺PET brain blood-flow imaging
X18X2218F\ce{^{18}F}Fluorine991818.0009377.632—109.7 minβ⁺Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), the workhorse PET tracer
X22X2222Na\ce{^{22}Na}Sodium11112221.9944387.916—2.602 yearsβ⁺ 90.57 %, EC 9.43 %Laboratory positron source
X32X2232P\ce{^{32}P}Phosphorus15173231.9739088.464—14.27 daysβ⁻Labelling DNA in molecular biology
X40X2240K\ce{^{40}K}Potassium19214039.9639988.5380.01171.248 billion yearsβ⁻ 89.28 %, EC 10.72 %Potassium–argon dating; the main natural radioactivity inside your body
X60X2260Co\ce{^{60}Co}Cobalt27336059.9338168.747—5.271 yearsβ⁻γ-ray radiotherapy and sterilisation
X87X2287Rb\ce{^{87}Rb}Rubidium37508786.9091818.71127.8349.7 billion yearsβ⁻Rubidium–strontium isochron dating
X90X2290Sr\ce{^{90}Sr}Strontium38529089.9077288.696—28.91 yearsβ⁻Fission product that lodges in bone like calcium
X90X2290Y\ce{^{90}Y}Yttrium39519089.9071428.693—64.05 hβ⁻Radioembolisation of liver tumours
X99X2299Mo\ce{^{99}Mo}Molybdenum42579998.9077078.608—65.93 hβ⁻Parent in the technetium-99m generator
X99mX2299mTc\ce{^{99m}Tc}Technetium435699———6.007 hIT (γ)The most used medical isotope: emits 140 keV γ rays
X99X2299Tc\ce{^{99}Tc}Technetium43569998.9062508.614—211.1 thousand yearsβ⁻Long-lived fission product
X131X22131I\ce{^{131}I}Iodine5378131130.9061268.422—8.025 daysβ⁻Thyroid therapy; a key early fallout nuclide
X137X22137Cs\ce{^{137}Cs}Caesium5582137136.9070898.389—30.04 yearsβ⁻Long-lived fission product; parent of the ¹³⁷ᵐBa generator
X137mX22137mBa\ce{^{137m}Ba}Barium5681137———2.552 minIT (γ)Classroom half-life experiment: emits 662 keV γ rays
X92X2292Kr\ce{^{92}Kr}Krypton36569291.9261738.513—1.84 sβ⁻Fission fragment of uranium-235
X94X2294Sr\ce{^{94}Sr}Strontium38569493.9153568.594—75.3 sβ⁻Fission fragment of uranium-235
X140X22140Xe\ce{^{140}Xe}Xenon5486140139.9216468.291—13.6 sβ⁻Fission fragment of uranium-235
X141X22141Ba\ce{^{141}Ba}Barium5685141140.9144048.326—18.27 minβ⁻Fission fragment of uranium-235
X210X22210Pb\ce{^{210}Pb}Lead82128210209.9841887.836—22.2 yearsβ⁻Dating lake sediments and ice over a century
X210X22210Bi\ce{^{210}Bi}Bismuth83127210209.9841207.833—5.012 daysβ⁻—
X210X22210Po\ce{^{210}Po}Polonium84126210209.9828747.834—138.4 daysαThe Curies’ first new element; an intense α source
X214X22214Pb\ce{^{214}Pb}Lead82132214213.9998047.772—27.06 minβ⁻—
X214X22214Bi\ce{^{214}Bi}Bismuth83131214213.9987117.773—19.9 minβ⁻ 99.979 %, α 0.021 %—
X214X22214Po\ce{^{214}Po}Polonium84130214213.9952017.785—163.5 µsα—
X218X22218Po\ce{^{218}Po}Polonium84134218218.0089717.732—3.097 minα 99.98 %, β⁻ 0.02 %—
X222X22222Rn\ce{^{222}Rn}Radon86136222222.0175767.694—3.821 daysαIndoor radon, the largest natural source of dose
X226X22226Ra\ce{^{226}Ra}Radium88138226226.0254087.662—1600 yearsαThe Curies’ radium; the curie was first defined as the activity of 1 g of it
X230X22230Th\ce{^{230}Th}Thorium90140230230.0331327.631—75.4 thousand yearsαUranium-series dating of corals and cave deposits
X232X22232Th\ce{^{232}Th}Thorium90142232232.0380547.61599.9814 billion yearsαHead of the thorium series; one of the Earth’s internal heat sources
X234X22234Th\ce{^{234}Th}Thorium90144234234.0436007.597—24.11 daysβ⁻—
X234mX22234mPa\ce{^{234m}Pa}Protactinium91143234———69.54 sβ⁻ 99.84 %, IT (γ) 0.16 %—
X234X22234U\ce{^{234}U}Uranium92142234234.0409507.6010.0054245.5 thousand yearsα—
X235X22235U\ce{^{235}U}Uranium92143235235.0439287.5910.7204704 million yearsαThe only naturally occurring fissile nuclide
X238X22238U\ce{^{238}U}Uranium92146238238.0507877.57099.274.463 billion yearsαHead of the uranium series; uranium–lead dating
X239X22239U\ce{^{239}U}Uranium92147239239.0542927.559—23.45 minβ⁻Made when uranium-238 captures a neutron: the first step to plutonium
X239X22239Np\ce{^{239}Np}Neptunium93146239239.0529387.561—56.54 hβ⁻—
X239X22239Pu\ce{^{239}Pu}Plutonium94145239239.0521627.560—24.11 thousand yearsαFissile fuel bred from uranium-238
X241X22241Am\ce{^{241}Am}Americium95146241241.0568277.543—432.6 yearsαThe α source in smoke detectors

“Stable” means never observed to decay in NUBASE2020 (including observationally stable nuclides with only a lower limit on the half-life, such as ²⁰⁸Pb). Masses and binding energies are computed from AME2020 mass excesses; isomer masses are not listed. Abundances are atom fractions of representative terrestrial samples; natural samples vary.

Sources

  1. F. G. Kondev, M. Wang, W. J. Huang, S. Naimi, G. Audi, “The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties”, Chinese Physics C 45, 030001 (2021) — stability, half-lives, decay modes, branching ratios, abundances (Z > 30).
  2. M. Wang, W. J. Huang, F. G. Kondev, G. Audi, S. Naimi, “The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II)”, Chinese Physics C 45, 030003 (2021) — atomic masses; B/A = [Z·Δ(¹H) + N·Δ(n) − Δ]/A.
  3. J. Meija et al., “Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)”, Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, 293–306 (2016) — abundances for Z ≤ 30.

Used in these lessons