Heat capacities of solid elements (25 °C)

Molar heat capacities and specific heats of 21 solid elements at 298.15 K and their ratio to the Dulong–Petit value 3R; copper, silver and gold also carry the standard entropies obtained by integrating low-temperature heat capacities.


$\ce{Li}$	—	6.94	24.63	3.549	0.99	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Be}$	—	9.01	16.38	1.818	0.66	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{B}$	—	10.81	11.22	1.038	0.45	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{C}$	diamond	12.01	6.27	0.522	0.25	—	Weber (Einstein 1907)
$\ce{Na}$	—	22.99	28.15	1.224	1.13	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Mg}$	—	24.30	24.86	1.023	1.00	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Al}$	—	26.98	24.21	0.897	0.97	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Si}$	—	28.09	19.99	0.712	0.80	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{K}$	—	39.10	29.56	0.756	1.19	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Ca}$	—	40.08	25.93	0.647	1.04	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Ti}$	—	47.87	25.24	0.527	1.01	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Cr}$	—	52.00	23.43	0.451	0.94	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Fe}$	—	55.84	25.10	0.449	1.01	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Ni}$	—	58.69	25.98	0.443	1.04	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Cu}$	—	63.55	24.44	0.385	0.98	33.15	NSRDS-NBS 18
$\ce{Zn}$	—	65.38	25.39	0.388	1.02	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Mo}$	—	95.95	23.91	0.249	0.96	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Ag}$	—	107.87	25.35	0.235	1.02	42.56	NSRDS-NBS 18
$\ce{W}$	—	183.84	24.31	0.132	0.97	—	NIST-JANAF
$\ce{Au}$	—	196.97	25.42	0.129	1.02	47.40	NSRDS-NBS 18
$\ce{Pb}$	—	207.20	26.85	0.130	1.08	—	NIST-JANAF

3R = 24.94 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹. Cp includes thermal expansion, so most metals sit slightly above 3R; in beryllium, boron, carbon (diamond) and silicon the vibrations are not yet fully excited at room temperature and Cp falls well below.

Sources

M. W. Chase, NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 4th ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Monograph 9 (1998): Shomate fits for the solids, evaluated at 298.15 K (via the NIST Chemistry WebBook).
G. T. Furukawa, W. G. Saba, M. L. Reilly, NSRDS-NBS 18 (1968): copper, silver and gold, Tables 2, 4 and 6.
A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 22, 180–190 (1907), p. 190: H. F. Weber’s diamond data, interpolated to 298.15 K.

Sources

Used in these lessons